60 Minutes: The Anderson Cooper Report:
A Life Saver Called “Plumpynut”

 
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(CBS)  This segment was originally broadcast on Oct. 21, 2007. It was updated on June 20, 2008.

You’ve probably never heard a good news story about malnutrition, but you’re about to. Every year, malnutrition kills five million children – that’s one child every six seconds. But now, the Nobel Prize-winning relief group “Doctors Without Borders” says it finally has something that can save millions of these children.

It’s cheap, easy to make, and even easier to use. What is this miraculous cure? As CNN’s Anderson Cooper reports, it’s a ready-to-eat, vitamin-enriched concoction called “Plumpynut,” an unusual name for a food that may just be the most important advance ever to cure and prevent malnutrition.

“It’s a revolution in nutritional affairs,” says Dr. Milton Tectonidis, the chief nutritionist for Doctors Without Borders.

“Now we have something. It is like an essential medicine. In three weeks, we can cure a kid that is looked like they’re half dead. We can cure them just like an antibiotic. It’s just, boom! It’s a spectacular response,” Dr. Tectonidis says.

“It’s the equivalent of penicillin, you’re saying?” Cooper asks.

“For these kids, for sure,” the doctor says.

No kids need it more than a group of children 60 Minutes saw in Niger, a desperately poor country in West Africa, where child malnutrition is so widespread that most mothers have watched at least one of their children die.

Why are so many kids dying? Because they can’t get the milk, vitamins and minerals their young bodies need. Mothers in these villages can’t produce enough milk themselves and can’t afford to buy it. Even if they could, they can’t store it — there’s no electricity, so no refrigeration. Powdered milk is useless because most villagers don’t have clean water. Plumpynut was designed to overcome all these obstacles.

Plumpynut is a remarkably simple concoction: it is basically made of peanut butter, powdered milk, powdered sugar, and enriched with vitamins and minerals. It tastes like a peanut butter paste. It is very sweet, and because of that kids cannot get enough of it.

The formula was developed by a nutritionist. It doesn’t need refrigeration, water, or cooking; mothers simply squeeze out the paste. Many children can even feed themselves. Each serving is the equivalent of a glass of milk and a multivitamin.

To see the impact it’s having, 60 Minutes drove for 12 hours from Niger’s capital to a remote village, where every week Doctors Without Borders hand out Plumpynut. After sleeping in a field under mosquito nets, Cooper and the team awoke at sunrise to find mothers emerging from the fields. Many had walked for hours in the dark, along treacherous paths, avoiding scorpions, spiders and poisonous snakes.

Rivers of women flowed into the site and within minutes there were more than a thousand of them, all waiting to get packets or tubs of Plumpynut. In a land where plastic bags are a luxury, they carry the food home in their scarves, their hands, or simply stacked on top of their heads.

“When you see some of these kids they don’t look sick. They don’t look malnourished. They don’t have bloated bellies or little stick arms,” Cooper remarks.

“The ones that we’re used to seeing on TV, that’s the worst of the worst of the worst. It’s the tip of the iceberg. And then below that, there’s the iceberg. So, there’s a whole spectrum of malnutrition,” Dr. Tectonidis says. “And when we go and check these kids, well, they’re way off in height or in weight. They’re way off.”

Niger has become Plumpynut’s proving ground. A daily dose costs about $1; small factories mix it here and in three other African countries. Tectonidis says other companies could make similar products wherever children need them.

“There’s many countries in Africa now saying, ‘We want a factory. We want a factory.’ Well let’s give it to them,” he says. “We just have to focus on these areas. We don’t have to feed the whole world. We have to go for the jugular. Where are they dying? Where are they wasted? That’s where we have to intervene. If you feed them well until they’re two or three years old it’s won. They’re healthy, they can get a healthy life. If you miss that window, it’s finished.”

In Niger, most children need help now during what’s called the “hunger season,” just before the new harvest. Old food supplies have run out and about all that’s left is millet, a basic grain women pound for porridge. But millet doesn’t have enough nutrients to keep kids alive; in America we use it as birdseed.

Normally a children’s hospital 60 Minutes visited would have more patients than beds. But now, thanks to Plumpynut, it has empty beds. Dr. Susan Shepherd, a pediatrician from Butte, Mont., runs Doctors Without Borders in Niger.

She says children that would have been hospitalized in the past can now be treated at home. “The reason we can do that is because we can give children Plumpynut here in the ambulatory center, and they take a week’s ration home. Moms treat their children at home and come back every week for a weight check,” Dr. Shepherd explains.

That’s what Sahia Ibrahim has been doing. She’s already lost four children to malnutrition. Now her six-month-old twins, Hassana and Husseina, are malnourished and she’s worried they might die too. So she’s been coming to the hospital for Plumpynut.

Hassana, at six months old, weighs only seven pounds. While that’s what a newborn should weigh, the little girl has put on a pound in just a week thanks to Plumpynut.

Children are weighed and measured at the distribution sites. They’re also examined to make sure they don’t have any serious infections. Malnutrition destroys a child’s immune system, so they’re more susceptible to diseases and less capable of recovering from them.

“Often these kids aren’t even hungry. It’s the opposite. They are anorexic because of the deficiencies they have. They lose their appetite,” Tectonidis explains.

That’s what happened to Mansour Miko and Maroufee Mazoo. Less than a year old, they had stopped eating and became listless and weak — so weak that when their mothers brought them to get Plumpynut, the nurse put them in a van and sent them straight to the hospital. Three days later however, they were smacking their lips on Plumpynut, almost ready to go home.

“Have you seen kids who were on the brink of death brought back by Plumpynut?” Cooper asks.

“Oh, yeah, for sure. Again and again and again and again,” Dr.Shepherd says.

But not always. Sometimes parents wait too long before bringing their child to doctors. 60 Minutes found Rashida Mahmadou in intensive care, barely clinging to life.

Rashida’s condition was very serious. Her skin was literally peeling away — one side effect of malnutrition, as skin becomes thin, pliable, cracks easily, and bacteria invade.

Just two hours later, Rashida’s little heart stopped beating. She was just 19 months old.

“She died of severe, acute malnutrition,” says Shepherd, who says she sees this happening every day.

Asked how she deals with so many kids dying, Shepherd tells Cooper, “It breaks your heart. It can break your spirit. It can ruin your confidence in your ability to be a good doctor. And it is sad. And I carry memories of many, many children with me and I’ll carry them with me for my entire life. But you certainly cannot indulge yourself in that kind of sadness. We need to do something about this.”

If Plumpynut is the answer, how come kids are still dying?

“The answer is getting to kids earlier,” Shepherd says. “Once children are as sick as she is, Plumpynut is not gonna save her.”

Rashida was buried in a nearby cemetery, where the grave digger told 60 Minutes he is burying fewer children than he used to.

Two years ago this region had the highest malnutrition rate in Niger. But now, after widespread use of the Plumpynut, it has the lowest. Dr. Shepherd told Cooper they’ll be able to treat more than 120,000 kids this year, up from just 10,000 children three years ago.

What about peanut allergies?

“We just don’t see it,” Shepherd says. “In developing countries food allergy is not nearly the problem that it is in industrialized countries.

It’s hard to imagine a less industrialized country than Niger. On a list of 177 developing countries, the United Nations ranked Niger dead last — least developed. More than 70 percent of the people don’t know how to read. Most work in the fields and earn less than a dollar a day. Nomadic goat herders still roam this land — their children and their kids travel by camel. Goats seem to be the main garbage disposal, but clearly the goats are falling behind. You can still spot a skinny guard dog, but we were told all the cats have been cooked.

In the countryside, where 85 percent of people live, girls start marrying as young as 11 years old. By the age of 15 most are wed, and by 16 most have already become mothers. The average woman here will give birth at least eight times in her lifetime. But largely because of malnutrition, one in five of their children will die before they reach the age of five. Of those who survive, half will have stunted growth and never reach full adult height.

But now, with Plumpynut, more children are surviving and thriving.

“And kids are doing better. Moms say their child’s skin is brighter. Their appetites are better. And they’re less sick. You know, what more could you ask for,” Shepherd remarks.

Doctors Without Borders is asking for more of this type of food. Their success in Niger proves, they say, that fortified ready-to-eat products, like Plumpynut, save children’s lives. Dr. Tectonidis says if the United States and the European Union were willing to spend part of their food aid on this, more companies will start making it.

“Even by taking a miniscule proportion of the global food aid budget, they will have a huge impact, huge impact!” Tectonidis says. “We’re not even asking for billions. It will solve so much of the underlying useless death. So we gotta do that now.”

“It’s useless death,” Cooper remarks.

“Wasted life. Just totally wasted life for nothing. Because they don’t have this product, little a bit of peanut butter with vitamins,” Tectonidis says. “What a waste.”

Produced By Robert Anderson and Casey Morgan

by the Langley Times

Shipping container bound for Haiti filled with pails of Cibo

They’re not much to look at — just square plastic buckets with colourful labels. But what’s inside could mean the difference between life and death for many child-survivors of last week’s devastating earthquake in Haiti.

Langley-based Food for Famine is preparing to send a shipping container filled with pails of Cibo, a high-calorie, non-perishable food supplement, to the earthquake ravaged Caribbean nation.

Cibo — which is the Italian word for food — is made from peanut paste, powdered milk, whey power, sugar, oil and 22 vitamins and minerals.

READ MORE > SEE THE ORIGINAL PDF

- August 21, 2011

A local Langley non-profit organization, The Food For Famine Society (FFF), is urgently calling on Lower Mainland residents to join its efforts to help feed children in the Horn of Africa.

The Society is asking for cash donations to help purchase supplies of individual packets of Ready-To-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), which is used to help treat children under the age of five who are suffering from severe malnutrition. Thousands of children in Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia are suffering the effects of extreme malnutrition as a result of drought conditions in areas where rain has not fallen in any significant amount for over two years.

“As Canadians, we often forget how lucky we are to live in one of the most beautiful and bountiful countries in the world,” says Mary Martini, founder of the Food For Famine Society. “For thousands of children who are fleeing the drought and political instability in southern Somalia to refugee camps elsewhere in the region, RUTF can mean the difference between life and death.”

The Food For Famine Society is collaborating with World Vision in its efforts to help children and their families in the Horn of Africa. Money raised by the Society will be used to purchase RUTF from an internationally approved supplier. The RUTF supplies will be donated to World Vision to distribute through its established relief and development network.

“Already one generous donor has committed to match all donations we receive to fill a 40-foot container with RUTF,” says Martini. “Filling this container will mean initially that over 1,600 boxes of this life-saving food will be sent to help feed hungry children in Africa.”

City of Langley Mayor, Peter Fassbender, who is a member of the Board of Directors of World Vision Canada, and the spokesperson for this campaign, says World Vision is grateful for the support it is receiving from the Food For Famine Society and for the initial donation of RUTF supplies. “In addition to what Food For Famine Society is doing everyone should know that the Government of Canada is matching all charitable donations made to organizations like the FFF Society and World Vision for the Horn of Africa relief efforts,” Fassbender says. “This has the effect of doubling the impact of every donation on a dollar-for-dollar basis. The deadline for the Government of Canada matching funds is September 16, 2011.”

“The need is urgent and this campaign is very timely. I am delighted that a local Langley organization has stepped up to the plate to address this tragic need,” he added. For information on the Food For Famine Society and to make a donation to this effort for the Horn of Africa, please visit www.foodforfamine.org.

For further information, media may contact:

Peter Fassbender, Mayor of the City of Langley – 604-514-2801 or 778-549-2473

Speakers and exhibits at the World Food Day event in Langley gave people plenty to chew on

By Heather Colpitts, Langley Advance December 27, 2011

Lawrence Yu is studing economics and taught at a slum school in India last year where he saw first hand how food policy and poverty impact people.
Photograph by: Heather Colpitts, Langley Advance
Speakers and presenters at the local event marking World Food Day urged those attending to do something to make the world a better place.

Langley Secondary School hosted the community event for the day, created by the United Nations to spotlight food, hunger, poverty, food security and related issues.

Nurse Grace Wilson and other speakers at World Food Day had a message for students and other attendees.
"Every person, and I do mean you, has something special to offer the world," she said.
Langley MP Mark Warawa stood in the House of Commons to announce the community event and congratulate the community.
"

There's a great example of how Canadians are making a difference in the world," he said.
World Food Day was a chance to find out some of the food and health programs that exist in the community but mostly it was a chance to contrast food issues for Canadians versus those in underdeveloped countries.
Wilson said people's problem is either too much food or too little.

She nursed in Zambia where she came face-to-face with the statistics.
According to experts, a child dies of hunger every 10 seconds, "but it may be six," she told a gym full of students and community members.
One in seven people are chronically malnourished (able to obtain less than one cup of food per day) and that 195 million children in the world will suffer from malnutrition this year.

Children chronically malnourished have many health affects. Wilson explained that, if they make it to adulthood, they are unable to care for their children.
"Can you guys see how we're kind of setting up a cycle here?" she asked the audience.
Despite that, the village leaders she encountered pleaded with her for one thing and it wasn't food.
"

Our biggest concern is our kids getting an education," village leaders told her.
She explained that they knew it was education that would ultimate break the cycle of poverty and hunger.
Wilson went through a quick list of basic vitamins and minerals to explain the impact of living without them. She noted that half a million children go blind each year due to a lack of vitamin A and once vision is gone, it's gone. She added that those that don't go blind often can't fight off infections.

The crowd was told the solution isn't simple. Fruits and vegetables that are available are often overcooked, destroying their nutrients and a chicken costs a month's wages so they have to find other sources of protein.
Wilson then delved into the food dilemmas of the developed world.
One billion people on Earth go to bed hungry each night, but 1.5 billion are overweight or worse, and that's killing people.
She noted that on both ends of the spectrum the key issue is quality of food, not quantity.
Plenty of people in developed nations are malnourished due to the western diet and many people struggle with eating disorders.

"We have food problems with how much we eat and some have problems with how little we eat," Wilson said.
The inability of millions of people in the world lacking basic nutrition has implications for the entire planet, according to Lawrence Yu, a university student studying economics.
Yu spent six weeks last summer teaching in a slum school near New Delhi.
Despite India having one of the fastest growing economies in the world, there is still massive poverty and a growing gap between the rich and poor, he noted.
"You would see BMWs drive by while kids are starving, begging on the streets," he noted.
In poor countries, people spend about 85 per cent of their income on food and their income is inconsistent. About 2.5 billion people live on $2 or less per day.

Yu admitted that when he was in high school, he never thought of people abroad and global issues.
"As I grow older, I kind of regret that I didn't get more involved earlier," he said.
Yu also issued a call to action, urging the audience to "Think bigger."

hcolpitts@langleyadvance.com
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